The downloads above are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This means that Missing Migrants Project data are free to share and adapt, as long as the appropriate attribution is given. This includes stating that the source is 'IOM's Missing Migrants Project', and indicating if changes were made to the data. Ideally, a link to this website should also be included.
Disappearances sub download
Despite a strong consensus prohibiting enforced disappearances under international law, the practice continues unabated. There are three key challenges to addressing the ongoing, widespread phenomenon of enforced disappearances: the increased involvement of non-state actors in carrying out enforced disappearances, the use of enforced disappearances as a practice during armed conflicts, and the lack of effective mechanisms to hold states accountable for carrying out enforced disappearances.
That said, in situations where disappearances are carried out by non-state actors who are not under the control of states, accountability of state actors and access to remedy for victims become limited or even nonexistent. While states still have a responsibility to investigate and prosecute these disappearances, international legal mechanisms mainly treat these cases as abductions or kidnappings.
In situations where disappearances are carried out by non-state actors who are not under the control of states, accountability of state actors and access to remedy for victims become limited or even nonexistent.
Although the European Convention on Human Rights does not specifically address enforced disappearances, the European Court of Human Rights will adjudicate complaints of violations of its provisions brought by individuals, some of which are relevant to enforced disappearances. It can also order the payment of specified amounts of damages to individuals, as in the 2005 case of Koku v. Turkey, in which the court ruled that Turkey had violated several articles of the European Convention in the disappearance and killing of a local politician. However, the majority of damages in such cases have tended not to be paid promptly or even at all.
Opportunities for redress at the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court are similarly limited by jurisdictional restrictions and inadequate enforcement mechanisms. Although enforced disappearances are classified as a crime against humanity under the Rome Statute, when carried out on a widespread and systematic basis, there have been no charges brought against defendants for the crime at this time.
Current U.S. policy on enforced disappearances has tended instead to focus narrowly on aiding U.S. citizens that have disappeared overseas. Official policy varies depending on whether the citizen has disappeared due to terrorist or foreign government activity, but in both situations, families of the disappeared persons have often turned to the U.S. government for help in locating and repatriating the victims. As of October 2021, according to the James Foley Foundation, there were 66 publicly disclosed wrongful detention cases of U.S. citizens in various countries. Disappeared persons include Austin Tice, a journalist who has been missing in Syria since 2012; Majd Kamalmaz, a psychologist missing in Syria since February 2017; and Mark Frerichs, a civil engineer, who has been held hostage in Afghanistan since 2020.
The Missing Migrants Project collects information on migrant deaths and disappearances across the world on a daily basis from a variety of sources, including national authorities, NGOs, media reports, and interviews with surviving migrants. IOM staff verify this information, then codify it to fit the 20 variables contained in the Missing Migrants dataset. The visualization uses variables on the time, location, and cause of death, as well as the region of origin of migrant decedents.
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